You may have heard that there are some metals which conducts electricity but do you know why these metals conduct electricity. We are here with some appropriate reason for why do metals conducts electricity.
All the metals consist of an Atomic structure which allow electrons to move free and create the higher electric current when charged as well as metals have some additional properties which makes them better conductor compare to any other element.
What are the Properties:
Ductility
Metals can be converted into small wires without breaking.
Malleability
Metals can be converted into sheets without breaking them and even their durability don’t change.
Conductivity
Metals who which have fewer valence electrons conduct higher electric current.
Reactivity
Metals can work with other metals and form alloys.
Tensile
Usually metals come with great tension.
Are All Metals Electrically Conductive?
Yes, every type of metal conduct electricity, but do you know there are some metals which are better electrical conductors as compare to others.
Do you know which is best conductor? there are many metals that are best conductor
- Silver – Silver have the highest conductivity ratio but it has low resistance to heart and quite expensive.
- Gold – Due to its much higher rate it is used only in popular electrical materials, gold reach with limited metals.
- Copper – Copper is the best metal in terms of conductivity, it is malleable and ductile which makes it more reactive to other materials.
- Aluminum - Aluminum is widely used in every material sue to its nonmagnetic and soft property.
How Does Metals Conduct Electricity?
Metals have free valence electrons and that means are the electrons are present in the outermost orbital and get attracted by the nucleus in imperfect manner. Metal conducts electricity because electrons present there are free to move so when we pass electricity through metal, those free electrons carry the electricity and distribute it in the entire metal.
The only and main reason of the conduction of the electricity in the metal is only the valence electron and these electrons travel through the grid of the metal and carry the electric charge and that how the metals conduct electricity.
Metals have so many uses in daily life, you can find metals in electronics, wire, machinery, medicines and in automobiles.
What are the Metals with Highest Conductivity and Lowest Conductivity?
Top 5 metals of highest conductivity (at 20.c)
- Silver – 63
- Copper – 59.6
- Gold – 41.1
- Aluminum – 37.7
- Calcium – 29.8
Top 5 metals of lowest conductivity (at 20.c)
- Manganese – 0.69
- Mercury – 1.02
- Titanium – 2.38
- Lead – 4.55
- Niobium – 7
How to Change Metals Electrical Conductivity?
There are several ways you can modify the electrical conductivity of a metal.
Shape
You can change the electrical conductivity of any metrical by changing their size, the external resistance is affected by changing the size.
Temperature
Whenever we increase the temperature, the resistivity of the metal increases and this increase in temperature causes decrease in metal conductivity, this whole process is cause due to phonon-electron interactions.
Atoms impurity
The impurities rather increase or decrease the conductivity in the metal, the existence of impurities stops the flow of electrons.
Boundaries of the Grain
You can change electrical conductivity of any material by changing the boundaries of grain. Grain boundaries are those metal portions where two crystal arrangements of different orientation come together.
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